How is aggression defined in social psychology?

Aggression in social psychology is characterized as intentional behavior that is aimed at causing physical or psychological harm to others. This definition emphasizes the intentionality behind aggressive acts, distinguishing them from mere competition or self-defense situations. It captures the essence of aggression by focusing on the intent to harm, whether that harm is physical, such as hitting or attacking someone, or psychological, such as verbal abuse or social manipulation.

Furthermore, this definition is distinct from other concepts such as competition, which does not necessarily involve an intent to harm, as well as self-defense, which is a reaction to a perceived threat rather than an intentional act of aggression. Reaction to stress or anxiety does not define aggression either; while stress may lead to aggressive behaviors in some cases, it is not the fundamental characteristic of aggression itself. The core element of aggression remains the intent to harm, clearly aligning with the definition provided in the correct answer.