In psychology, what does "self-affirmation" seek to reduce?

Self-affirmation in psychology primarily seeks to reduce cognitive dissonance, which is the psychological discomfort that arises when an individual holds two or more contradictory beliefs, attitudes, or values. This discomfort can lead to feelings of tension and anxiety, prompting individuals to find ways to resolve the inconsistency.

The process of self-affirmation allows individuals to reflect on their values and strengths, leading to a greater sense of self-worth. By affirming one’s identity and recognizing positive attributes, a person can mitigate the distress associated with cognitive dissonance without necessarily having to change their beliefs or behaviors. This bolstering of self-esteem helps to create a more coherent self-concept and can make individuals more open to change or accepting competing viewpoints.

While self-affirmation might indirectly influence social pressures, motivational conflicts, or emotional attachments, its primary function is to address and alleviate the discomfort stemming from cognitive dissonance, making it a crucial mechanism in understanding self-perception and psychological resilience.