What does hindsight bias refer to?

Hindsight bias is the cognitive phenomenon where individuals believe they could have predicted an outcome after it has already happened. This bias occurs because once we know the outcome, it seems more obvious or inevitable, leading us to feel that we should have foreseen it. This can distort our memory of the event and can cause us to misattribute our predictive abilities. In social psychology, this bias is particularly significant as it affects how people evaluate past decisions, learn from experiences, and even impacts interpersonal dynamics such as blame and responsibility.

The other concepts, such as ignoring past experiences, predicting future events, or rationalizing poor decisions, do not capture the essence of hindsight bias as accurately. Hindsight bias specifically involves the retrospective assessment of predictability following an event, which is what makes option C the correct choice.