What does upward social comparison involve?

Upward social comparison involves evaluating oneself in relation to individuals who are perceived to possess better traits or abilities. This type of comparison can inspire individuals to improve and strive for higher achievements, as they recognize qualities in others that they admire or wish to attain. It often serves as a motivational factor, encouraging personal development and growth.

In contrast, the other types of social comparison have distinct focuses: comparing oneself to others with similar traits fosters a sense of belonging, while comparing oneself to those with fewer advantages can boost self-esteem by emphasizing one's own attributes. Additionally, reflecting on one’s own past allows for self-assessment and progress tracking rather than a comparison with others. Each of these types serves different psychological needs and can influence an individual's self-perception and motivation in varied ways.