What is indicated by Causal Theories?

Causal theories refer to the beliefs and assumptions individuals hold about the causes of their feelings and behaviors. These theories help people understand why they feel a certain way or why they act in a particular manner. By providing explanations for emotional and behavioral responses, causal theories allow for a sense of coherence in understanding personal experiences.

Understanding the reasons behind one's feelings and behaviors is crucial for self-reflection and can influence future actions. For instance, if a person believes they feel anxious because of lack of preparation for an exam, this causal theory might motivate them to study more effectively in the future. This reflects the central role that causal theories play in shaping how individuals interpret their emotional responses and behavioral patterns.

The other options do not accurately represent the nature of causal theories. They are not universal and can be influenced by cultural perspectives, do not solely apply to negative feelings, and they do influence self-perception by providing explanations that shape individuals’ understanding of themselves.