What is the fundamental attribution error?

The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency for people to overemphasize dispositional or internal factors when explaining someone else's behavior while downplaying situational or external influences. This cognitive bias often leads observers to attribute others' actions to their character or personality rather than considering the context or circumstances that might have influenced those actions.

When evaluating the option that describes this phenomenon accurately, it is shown that individuals frequently ignore how situational factors can play a significant role in shaping behavior. For example, if someone appears unfriendly, an observer might quickly conclude they are a rude person without considering that the individual could be experiencing stress, illness, or personal issues that affect their demeanor.

In essence, this error highlights a common human cognitive bias where people assess others' behavior through a lens that leans heavily on internal characteristics rather than the wider situational context, leading to misconceptions and potential misunderstandings.