Which theory explains how animals adapt to their environments?

The most relevant theory that explains how animals adapt to their environments is evolutionary theory. This framework encompasses the processes through which species undergo changes over generations as a response to environmental pressures. It includes mechanisms such as natural selection, where individuals with traits better suited to their environments are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those advantageous traits to future generations.

Evolutionary theory provides a comprehensive understanding not only of adaptation but also of the broader context of how species evolve through time, influenced by genetic variations and environmental challenges. It emphasizes the interconnectivity and long-standing relationships between organisms and their habitats, showcasing the gradual changes that lead to the development of new species suited for specific environments.

In contrast, behaviorism focuses mainly on observable behaviors and the impact of the environment on those behaviors, rather than the underlying biological factors that lead to adaptation. Natural selection, while a crucial aspect of evolutionary theory, is one process among several that explain how evolutionary changes occur. Social learning theory pertains to how behaviors are learned through observing others and does not address biological adaptation in the context of environmental changes.